I-GENOME EVOLUTION
imvelo
EZOKUXHUMANA
Ukulandelana kwe-genome kuveza imizila yokuhlakazeka komhlaba wonke futhi kuphakamise ukuguquguquka kofuzo ekuguqukeni kwe-seahorse
PacBio |Ilumina |Hi-C |WGS |I-Genetic Diversity |Umlando Wezibalo zabantu |I-Gene Flow
Ukulandelana kwe-Pacbio, ukuhlangana kwe-genome de novo kanye nezinsizakalo zezichasiselo kuhlinzekwe yi-Biomarker Technologies.
Amaphuzu avelele
1.Kutholwe igenome yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-chromosome-level seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) ene-contig N50 ye-15.5 Mb.
2.Isamba sezinhlobo zofuzo ezingama-358 ezivela emhlabeni wonke zezinhlobo zama-seahorse ezingama-21 zaphinde zalandelaniswa.
3.Ama-seahorses avela ngasekupheleni kwe-Oligocene kanye nemizila eyalandela ye-circum-global colonization iyahlonzwa futhi ixhunyaniswa nokushintshashintsha kwamandla olwandle kanye nokuvuleka kolwandle lwe-paleotemporal.
4.Isisekelo sofuzo se-"bony spines" eqhubekayo ye-phenotype eguquguqukayo ixhunywe esikhundleni esizimele esakhini esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa.
5.I-Rafting ngokusebenzisa imisinga yolwandle kunxephezela ukuhlakazeka okungekuhle futhi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kusiza ukuhlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala ezintsha.
Izimpumelelo
Umdwebo 1 Ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kanye nobudlelwane be-phylogenetic bezibonelo ze-seahorse ezingama-358
aIzindawo zamasampula ezindawo zamahhashi asolwandle angamasampula anamaphethini okuhlukahluka kwe-nucleotide (π) yezinhlobo zama-seahorse angu-21 kuwo wonke ama-chromosome angu-22.b Isihlahla esingumakhelwane esakhiwe ngegenome-wide SNPs of 358 seahorses.Izimpawu zephinikhodi zendawo kokuthi (a) kanye nesizinda segatsha kokuthi (b) zihambisana.
Umdwebo 2 Umlando we-Colonization kanye nenani labantu bama-seahorses
aIzihlahla ze-Phylogenetic kanye nesikhathi sokuhlukana silinganisela izinhlobo ezingama-21 zamahhashi.Ugqinsi lomugqa wegatsha luhambisana nezilinganiso zosayizi wabantu (Ne) nemibala ikhombisa imigqa ehlukene.Izimpawu I–III zibonisa amaphuzu okulinganisa.b–d Imizila ebikezelwe yokwenza amakholoni (imicibisholo enombala) yamahhashi asolwandle esekelwe esikhathini sokuhlukana, ukusatshalaliswa, izehlakalo ze-vicariance, nemisinga yolwandle (imicibisholo emhlophe).b I-Indo-Australian Archipelago yayiyisizinda semvelaphi (ukumaka okubomvu) kohlobo lwe-Hippocampus ngaphambi kokuthi ama-seahorses ahluke futhi ahlakazeke emhlabeni wonke ngo-18–23 Ma.c AmaSeahorses aqale enza ikoloni i-Atlantic Ocean ngokusebenzisa indlela yolwandle evula iTethyan, okwathi, ngemva kokuvalwa kwayo (Umcimbi wesikhumulo ngo-7–13 Ma), yahlukanisa lolu hlu lozalo lukaTethyan ohlwini lozalo lukadadewabo lwase-Indian Ocean.Okwakamuva, okwabe sekuhlukaniswa ngokushesha (ukumaka okuphuzi) oLwandle i-Arabian, kwasungula isikhungo sesibili sokuhlukahluka kwamahhashi olwandle.d Isenzakalo sesibili sokwenziwa kwekoloni lamahhashi olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean senzeka sisuka oLwandlekazini i-Indian cishe ngo-5Ma ngokudlula ichopho laseNingizimu Afrika, futhi ekugcineni safika e-East Pacific Ocean ngokusebenzisa ugu lolwandle lwasePanama osavulekile cishe ngo-3.6 Ma.
Umdwebo 3 Ukugeleza kofuzo nokuguquguquka kusayizi wabantu osebenzayo
aUkugeleza kofuzo kutholwe phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala olwandle oluseNingizimu ye-Atlantic Ocean.Ukugeleza kwezakhi zofuzo kuboniswa eduze kwemigqa emhlophe njengezinga lokufuduka elitholwa yi-G-PhoCS.Ubukhulu nesiqondiso semicibisholo kuhambisana namazinga kanye nesiqondiso sokugeleza kofuzo, ngokulandelanayo.b Ukushintshashintsha kosayizi wabantu osebenzayo yi-PSMC.I-eksisi ka-x imelela isikhathi eminyakeni yangaphambi kwamanje kuyilapho i-eksisi ka-y imelela usayizi wabantu osebenzayo.Amashadi ahlelwa ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwezindawo zohlobo ngalunye olunezindawo ezihlukene zokusabalalisa.c Ukushintsha kwezinga lolwandle phakathi neminyaka eyisigidi esi-1 edlule ngamamitha33.Umugqa ophuzi ubonisa ukuphakama kokugcina kwe-interglacial emhlabeni jikelele kuyilapho umthunzi oluhlaza ubonisa isikhathi esiphezulu seqhwa.
Umdwebo 4 Ukuvela komgogodla.
aKwesobunxele, isihlahla se-Species esibonisa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuzimele kwama-spines kuma-seahorses.Ubude begatsha bukhombisa inani lokushintshwa kwendawo ngayinye.Izinhlobo ezine ze-spiny seahorse zigqanyiswe ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Amagatsha aminyene ahambisana namazinga aphezulu okushintshanisa okungaziwa-kuya-kumqondofana (dN/dS) kofuzo lwe-bmp3.Uhlolo lweCanonical nolwejwayelekile lwe-McDonald ne-Kreitman (MKT) lwe-bmp3 gene lwenzelwe izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene zodade ezinezici ezihlukene ze-spiny nezingezona ezi-spiny ezigqanyiswe ngemibala engemuva, amazinga azo okubaluleka aboniswe ivelu engu-p enefonti eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nebomvu, ngokulandelana.Kwesokudla, ukuqhathaniswa kokushintshwa kwe-amino acid kuphrotheni ye-bmp3, i-polymorphic kanye nokushintshwa okungaguquki kuma-spiny seahorses kuboniswa ngemibuthano ebomvu neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokulandelana.b Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanani e-dN/dS ku-bmp3 kuma-spiny seahorses uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezingezona izipina.c Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuzimele esihlahleni se-phylogenetic esakhelwe kabusha iphrotheni efakwe ikhodi yi-bmp3.d I-Whole-mount in situ hybridization ye-bmp3 e-Hippocampus erectus.
Ireferensi
Li C et al.Ukulandelana kwe-genome kwembula imizila yokuhlakazeka komhlaba wonke futhi kuphakamise ukuguquguquka kofuzo ekuziphendukeleni kwe-seahorse.Nat Commun.2021 Feb 17;12(1):1094.
Izindaba Namaphuzu Avelele ihlose ukwabelana ngamacala akamuva ayimpumelelo ne-Biomarker Technologies, ithwebula izimpumelelo zesayensi ezinoveli kanye nezindlela ezivelele ezisetshenziswe phakathi nocwaningo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-06-2022